Corporate Fellow, Chemical Sciences Division, Nanomaterials Chemistry Group, ORNL
Contact Information
- Personal Website
- Paula Bran Anleu, Yann Le Pape, Qiyi Chen, Rigoberto Advincula, Xiao-Guang Sun, Justin B Felder, Harry M Meyer III, Brian K Post, Michael J Lance, M Parans Paranthaman, “An innovative carbonated cementitious material and its printability and carbon mineralization capacity,” Progress in Additive Manufacturing, Volume 9 (2) 435-444 (2024). doi.org/10.1007/s40964-023-00463-2
- J. Remy, P. Kandlakunta, T. E. Blue, M. P. Paranthaman, and L. R. Cao, “Demonstrating the β-Ga2O3 Schottky diodes for alpha radiation detection.” Nuclear Inst. And Methods in Physics Research, A, 1067, 169686 (2024). doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2024.169686
- L. Sethuraman, A. Giles, M. Skinner, M. P. Paranthaman. “Advanced multimaterial shape optimization methods as applied to advanced manufacturing of wind turbine generators,” Wind Energy 2024; 1-30. DOI: 10.1002/we.291
- 1.M. Mou, A. Patel, S. Mallick, B. P. Thapaliya, M. P. Paranthaman, J. Mugumya, M. L. Rasche, R. B. Gupta, S. Saleh, S. Kothe, E. Baral, G. P. Pandey, H. Lopez, M. Jiang, “Scalable Advanced Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 Cathode Materials from a Slug Flow Continuous Process,” ACS Omega 7 (46), 42408-42417 (2022). DOI 10.1021/acsomega.2c05521
Biography
Dr. Parans Paranthaman is a Corporate Fellow in the Chemical Sciences Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Paranthaman is also a fellow of the National Academy of Inventors, and fellows of Materials Research Society, AAAS, American Physical Society, American Ceramic Society, ASM International and the Institute of Physics, London, UK. He earned his Ph.D. in Materials Science and Solid-State Chemistry from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. He was a Postdoctoral Fellow with 2019 Chemistry Nobel prize winner Professor John Goodenough at the University of Texas, Austin and a Research Associate with Professor Allen Hermann at University of Colorado, Boulder. He joined the Chemistry Department at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in May 1993. He has authored or co-authored more than 475 journal publications with > 26,070 citations and an “h-index” of 80 and a total of >100 inventions including 63 issued U.S. Patents related to his research. He has licensed his technologies to eight industries for commercialization. His present research focuses on the Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Minerals, Development of Additive Manufacturing of N95 Fabrics and Antiviral Coatings, Additive Manufacturing of Permanent Magnets and Motors, Lithium Separation From Geothermal Brine, Recovery of Carbon From Recycled Tires For Clean Energy Applications, and Development of Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Applications.
Education
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Ph.D. 1988 Materials Science and Solid State Chemistry
Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India M. Sc. 1982 Chemistry
Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India B.Sc. 1980 Chemistry
Professional Service
2017-Present Corporate Fellow, Chemical Sciences Division (CSD), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
2010-Present Professor/Oak Ridge Graduate Advisor, Bredesen center, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
2006-2017 Distinguished Research Staff Member and Group Leader, CSD, ORNL
1999-2005 Senior Research Staff Member, CSD, ORNL
1993-1999 Research Staff Member, Chemistry Division, ORNL
1991-1993 University of Colorado, Boulder, Research Associate, Condensed Matter (worked with Professor Allen M. Hermann)
1988-1991 The University of Texas at Austin, Postdoctoral, Materials Science (worked with Nobel Prize Winner Professor John B. Goodenough)
1982-1988 Research Fellow, Materials Science Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India (Ph.D. Thesis Advisor: Professors G. V. Subba Rao and G. Aravamudan)
Awards and Recognitions
2024 Ninth R&D 100 Award: Direct Lithium Extraction
2024 ORNL Technology Commercialization Award
2023 IIT Madras Alumnus Award
2023 IEEE Senior Member
2022 ORNL Technology Commercialization Award
2021 Eighth R&D 100 Award: Domestic Supply Chain of Filter Media and Face Masks
2021 ORNL Technology Commercialization Award
2020 ORNL Technology Transfer Award, Awards Night
2019 ORNL Director’s Award: Top Scientist of the Year Award
2019 Mentor of the Year at ORNL, Awards Night
2019 ORNL Technology Commercialization Award
2019 TechConnect Innovation Award, Boston MA
2019 Cited in Frontiers of Materials Research (National Academy of Sciences Report)
2018 ORNL Technology Commercialization Award
2018 American Physical Society (APS) Fellow
2017 National Academy of Inventors (NAI) Fellow
2017 UT-Battelle Corporate Fellow
2017 ORNL Technology Commercialization Award
2017 UT-Battelle Technology Transfer Award
2017 Fellow of Materials Research Society (MRS)
2017 Battelle Celebration of Solvers Award
2017 Seventh R&D 100 Award: Additive Manufacturing of Magnets
2017 Cited in New York Times and C&E News
2016 Cited in The Economist Article – Magnetic Moments (Additive Manufacturing)
2016 UT-Battelle Inventor of the Year
2016 ORNL Technology Commercialization Award
2016 Sixth R&D 100 Award: Waste-tire derived carbon for lithium ion batteries
2016 Scholar of the week, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
2015 Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
2015 ORNL Technology Commercialization Award
2015 Fifth R&D100 Award: Multifunctional Superhydrophobic Transparent Glass Coating.
2015 Fellow of the American Ceramic Society
2014 Fellow of the ASM International
2014 ORNL Technology Commercialization Award
2014 The American Ceramic Society: Ceramographic Competition Award: First Place: Scanning Probe Microscopy Category
2014 Parans Paranthaman’s journal article was featured on Superconductor Science and Technology journal Cover page during February 2014; Volume 27; 022002 (6pp).
2013 Parans has contributed a book chapter in InTech’s book on “Applications of High-Tc Superconductivity” that has been accessed/downloaded more than 3000 times.
2012 Fourth R&D 100 Award related GaN Based Power Electronics
2011 ORNL Partnership Award2011 FLC National Award: Excellence in Technology Transfer
2010 FLC Southeast Regional Award: Excellence in Technology Transfer Award
2010 Third R&D 100 Award for developing “High Performance, High-Tc Superconducting Wires enabled via Self-assembly of Non-superconducting Columnar Defects”
2010 Co-authored top cited Physica C article in the last 5 years (2005-2010)
2009 Ranks # 2 in worldwide citations in the HTS research during the last decade (1999-2009)
2008 Second National FLC Award for Excellence in Technology Transfer.
2008 Co-authored three highly cited papers in the area of superconductivity since 2003 in PRL, PRB, JAP, APL, and SuST journals
2008 National FLC Award for Excellence in Technology Transfer.2008 ORNL Key Contributor Award Recipient
2007 Second R&D 100 Award for 2007 for Developing High-performance LMO-enabled High-Temperature Superconducting Tape
2007 FLC Southeast Regional Award; Excellence in Technology Transfer Award for developing High-performance LaMnO3 Enabled, High-Temperature Superconducting Tape
2007 DOE Excellent Mentor Award
2007 DOE Superconductivity Program Annual Peer Review, “Received top ranking with unprecedented high score of 98.4 out of 100 points” – ORNL-SuperPower CRADA
2007 R&D Significant Technical Accomplishment Award, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
2007 Patent Royalty Award for patents issued and licensed
2006 Nova 50 Award for Technical Accomplishments
2006 Excellent Team Award for Technology Transfer to Industries, Awards Night, ORNL
2006 DOE Excellent Mentor Award2005 Patent Royalty Award for patents issued and licensed
2005 Authored highly cited paper in Appl. Phys. Lett. Since 2000
2005 DOE Excellent Mentor Award2004 Fellow of the Institute of Physics, London, UK
2004 Patent Royalty Award for patents licensed
2003 Selected as one of 11 “Distinguished Inventors” at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio
2003 DOE Superconductivity Program Annual Review, “Exceptional Accomplishment Award” – ORNL-AMSC CRADA: Development of 2G YBCO RABiTS Wires.
2003 Authored highly cited paper in Superconductor Science and Technology journal since2003 Patent Royalty Awards for patents licensed
2000 Patent Royalty Awards for patents and technology transfer2003 Authored two highly cited papers in Physica C journal since 1995
2001 Federal Laboratory Consortium (FLC) Award for Excellence in Technology Transfer
2001 Energy-100 award for co-developing the RABiTS Technology
1999 R&D 100 Award for co-developing the RABiTS Technology
1999 R&D Sustained Development Accomplishment Award, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
1999 American Museum of Science & Energy (AMSE)’s “Tribute to Tennessee Technology” Award
1999 World-Class Teamwork Award, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
1997 Lockheed-Martin NOVA Award for technical achievement
1997 Lockheed Martin Scientist of the Year Award
1997 R&D Significant Technical Accomplishment Award, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
1996, 1997, 1998 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corp. - Tech. Transfer Award for Technical Support
1996 Department of Energy’s (DOE), Office of Science, Materials Science Award for technical achievement In Solid State Physics
1988-1991 Robert A. Welch Fellowship for Postdoctoral Research, Univ. of Texas at Austin
Publications
1. H. Wang, A. M. Elliott, M. P. Paranthaman, “Sintering-Based Metal Additive Manufacturing Methods for Magnetic Materials,” Published as a book chapter for the book titled, “Solid-State Metal Additive Manufacturing: Physics, Processes, Mechanical Properties, and Applications, First Edition. Edited by Hang Z. Yu, Nihan Tuncer, and Zhili Feng. © 2024 WILEY-VCH GmbH. Published 2024 by WILEY-VCH GmbH. Chapter # 16, pp. 361-378. doi.org/10.1002/9783527839353.ch16
2. H. Parmar, X. Liu, K. Gandha, M. P. Paranthaman, and I. C. Nlebedim, “Effects of Magnetic Field Annealing on the Hard Magnetic Properties of Milled Nd-Fe-B Powders,” J. Magn. & Magn. Mater., 587, 171328 (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.171328
3. P. Wagh, S. Z. Islam, T. N. Lamichhane, R. Bhave, and M. P. Paranthaman, “Separation of lithium from aluminum-containing clay mineral leachate solution using energy-efficient membrane solvent extraction,” ACS Omega, 8 (49), pp.46523-46527 (2023). DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05009
4. ACS Omega Journal Cover page: P. Wagh, S. Z. Islam, T. N. Lamichhane, R. Bhave, and M. P. Paranthaman, “Separation of lithium from aluminum-containing clay mineral leachate solution using energy-efficient membrane solvent extraction,” ACS Omega, 8 (49) , pp.46523-46527 (2023). DOI:10.1021/acsomega.3c05009
5. K. Jayanthi, M. P. Paranthaman, B. J. Manard, and A. Navrotsky, “Effect of Anions on the Delithiation of [Li-Al] Layered Double Hydroxides: Thermodynamic Insights,” J Phys Chem C, 127 (49) , pp.23879-23886 (2023). DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c05676
6. K. Jayanthi, T. N. Lamichhane, V. Roy, F. Zhao, A. Navrotsky, B. A. Moyer, and M. P. Paranthaman, “An Integrated Circular Economy Model System for Direct Lithium Extraction: From Minerals to Batteries Utilizing Aluminum Hydroxide,” ACS Appl. Mater. & Interfaces, 15 (50), pp.58984-58993 (2023). DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12070
7. T. Wang, H. Luo, Y. Bai, I. Belharouak, K. Jayanthi, M. P. Paranthaman, E. T-H. Wang, F. Dogan, S-B. Son, B. J. Ingram, Q. Dai, and S. Dai, “Direct Recycling of Spent Nickel-Rich Cathodes in Reciprocal Ternary Molten Salts,” J. Power Sources, 593 (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233798
8. H. Parmar, M. P. Paranthaman, and I. C. Nlebedim, “Bi-modal particle size distribution for high energy product hybrid Nd-Fe-B-Sm-Fe-N bonded magnets”, AIP Advances, 14 (1), 015329 (2024). DOI: 10.1063/9.0000819
9. H. Jiang, D. Graham, A. Hollander, M. P. Paranthaman, M. Muneeshwaran, X. Liu, M. Theodore, T. Aytug, K. An, K. Li, and K. Nawaz, “Quaternary Ammonium Salt Coated Air Filter for Bioaerosol Removal from Building Indoor Air,” Building and Environment, 250, 111158 (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.111158
10. A. Patel, S. Mallick, J. H. Mugumya, N. L-Riviera, S. Kim, M. Jiang, M. P. Paranthaman, M. L. Rasche, H. Lopez, and R. B. Gupta, “Slug flow synthesis of NCMA: Effect of substitution of cobalt with aluminum on the electrochemical performance of Ni-rich cathode for lithium-ion battery,” Materials Today Energy, 101545 (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.mtener.2024.101545
11. X. Liu, K. Gandha, I. C. Nlebedim, and M. P. Paranthaman, “Recycling of additively printed anisotropic Nd-Fe-B bonded magnets,” J. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Volume 605, 1 September 2024, 172360. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2024.172360
12. J. W. Kemp, K. Mungale, H. Wang, B. C. Sales, U. K. Vaidya, and M. P. Paranthaman, “Novel method for overmolding of NdFeB bonded magnets into a 3D printed rotor,” IEEE Trans. On Magnetics (2024). DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2024.3425814
17. K. Gandha, M. P. Paranthaman, H. Wang, X. Liu, and I. C. Nlebedim, “Thermal Stability of Anisotropic Bonded Magnets Prepared by Additive Manufacturing,” J Amer Ceram Soc 106 (1), 166-171 (2023). DOI 10.1111/jace.18609
18. S. Mallick, A. Patel, X. G. Sun, M. P. Paranthaman, M. Y. Mou, J. H. Mugumya, M. Jiang, M. L. Rasche, H. Lopez, R. B. Gupta, “Low-cobalt active cathode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries: synthesis and performance enhancement methods,” J. Mater. Chem. A 11 (8), 3789-3821 (2023). DOI 10.1039/d2ta08251a
19. . N. Khosla, J. Narayan, X-G. Sun, M. P. Paranthaman, “Surface modification of graphite anodes by laser annealing and improvement of cyclability for lithium-ion batteries,” Carbon 205, 214-225 (2023). DOI 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.01.009
20. N. Khosla, J. Narayan, X-G. Sun, M. P. Paranthaman, “Nanosecond laser structuring of NMC811 cathode materials for enhanced performance,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 170 (3) 030520 (2023) DOI 10.1149/1945-7111/acc27d
21. M. Y. Mou, A. Patel, S. Mallick, K. Jayanthi, X. G. Sun, M. P. Paranthaman, S. Kothe, E. Baral, S. Saleh, J. H. Mugumya, M. L. Rasche, R. B. Gupta, H. Lopez, and M. Jiang, “Slug Flow Coprecipitation Synthesis of Uniformly-Sized Oxalate Precursor Microparticles for Improved Reproducibility and Tap Density of Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 Cathode Materials, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 6 (6), 3213-3224 (2023). DOI 10.1021/acsaem.2c03563
22. S. Kulkarni, F. Zhao, I. C. Nlebedim, R. Fredette, M. P. Paranthaman, “Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Injection Molded and Big Area Additive Manufactured NdFeB Bonded Permanent Magnets,” J. Manufac. Sci. and Engg. – Trans. Of the ASME 145(5), 051001 (2023). DOI 10.1115/1.4056489
23. M. L. Whittaker, E. Crumlin, W. Dong, K. Li, T. Aytug, H. M. Meyer III, S. F. Evans, B. A. Moyer, M. P. Paranthaman, “Cooperative lithium sorption in layered double hydroxides is modulated by colloidal assembly,” Chem. of Mater. 35 (10), 3931-3940 (2023). DOI 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00072
24. X. B. Liu, K. Gandha, H. Wang, K. Mungale, U. K. Vaidya, I. C. Nlebedim, and M. P. Paranthaman, “Packing bimodal magnetic particles to fabricate highly dense anisotropic rare earth bonded permanent magnets,” RSC Advances 13 (25), 17097-17101 (2023). DOI 10.1039/d3ra02349d
25. B. P. Thapaliya, T. Wang, A. Y. Borisevich, H. M. Meyer III, X. G. Sun, M. P. Paranthaman, C. A. Bridges, and S. Dai, “In Situ Ion-Exchange Metathesis Induced Conformal LiF Surface Films on Cathode (NMC811) as a Cathode Electrolyte Interphase,” Adv. Func. Mater. (2023). DOI 10.1002/adfm.202302443
26. V. Rallabandi, S. Chowdhury, H. Barua, M. P. Paranthaman, M. Mohammad, S. Bullock, and E. Cousineau, “Traction motor design trade-offs with additively manufactured anisotropic bonded magnets,” IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC), 1-5 (2023). 979-8-3503-9742-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEEBottom of Form
27. X. Zhou, M. P. Paranthaman, and J. W. Sutherland, “Comparative techno-economic assessment of NdFeB bonded magnet production: injection molding (IM) versus big area additive manufacturing (BAAM), ACS Sustainable Chem. & Engg. (2023). DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c01942
28. P. Wagh, S. Z. Islam, V. G. Deshmane, P. Gangavarapu, J. Poplawsky, G. Yang, R. Sacci, S. F. Evans, S. Mahajan, M. P. Paranthaman, B. A. Moyer, S. Harrison, and R. Bhave, “Fabrication and characterization of Composite Membranes for the Concentration of Lithium Containing Solutions using Forward Osmosis”, Advanced Sustainable Systems, 4 (12) 2000165 (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202000165
29. Z. Hood, Y. Cheng, S. F. Evans, and M. P. Paranthaman, “Unraveling the structural properties and dynamics of sulfonated tire-derived solid acid carbon catalysts with neutron vibrational spectroscopy,” Catalysis Today, 358, pp 387-393 (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2019.10.033
30. T. N. Lamichhane, L. Sethuraman, A. Dalagan, H. Wang, and J. Keller, “Additive manufacturing of soft magnets for electrical machines – a review,” Materials Today Physics 15, 100255 (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtphys.2020.100255
31. Mihee Ji, Neil R. Taylor, Ivan Kravchenko, Pooran Joshi, Tolga Aytug, Lei R. Cao, and M. Parans Paranthaman, “Demonstration of Large-size Vertical Ga2O3 Schottky Barrier Diodes,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, 36 (1) pp. 41-44 (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2020.3001530
32. G.S. Larsen, Y. Cheng, L.L. Daemen, T.N. Lamichhane, D.K. Hensley, K. Hong, H.M. Meyer, S.J. Monaco, A.M. Levine, R.J. Lee, E. Betters, K. Sitzlar, J. Heineman, J. West, P. Lloyd, V. Kunc, L. Love, M. Theodore, M.P. Paranthaman, ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 3 (2) pp. 1022-1031 (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.0c01294
33. C. J. Jafta, X.-G. Sun, H. Lyu, H. Chen, B. P. Thapalia, W. T. Heller, M. J. Cuneo, R. T. Mayes, M. P. Paranthaman, S. Dai and C. A. Bridges, Insight into the Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation in Bis(fluorosulfonyl)Imide Based Ionic Liquid Electrolytes’” Adv. Func. Mater. 2008708 (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202008708
34. Xubo Liu, Kinjal Gandha, Ikenna C. Nlebedim, and M. Parans Paranthaman, Alignment of Magnetic Particles in Anisotropic Nd-Fe-B Bonded Magnets, J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 54, 315004, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/abfbf7
35. Ange-Lionel Toba, Ruby Nguyen, Carson Cole, Ghanashyam Neupane, Mariappan Parans Paranthaman, “US lithium resources from geothermal and extraction feasibility” Resources, Conservation & Recycling 169, 105514 (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105514
36. Peter L Wang, Alex Roschli, M. Parans Paranthaman, Merlin Theodore, Corson Cramer, Chris Zangmeister, Yuepeng Zhang, Jeff J Urban, and Lonnie Love, Recent Developments in Filtration Media and N95 Mask Technology in Response to COVID-19, MRS Bulletin 46 (9) 822-831 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-021-00173-6
37. Tai-Yuan Huang, Jesus Ramon Perez-Cardona, Fu Zhao, John W. Sutherland, and Mariappan Parans Paranthaman, “Life Cycle Assessment and Techno-economic Analysis of Lithium Recovery from Geothermal Brine” ACS Sustainable Chem. Engg. 9, 6551-6560, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08733
38. L. Sethuraman, G. Vijayakumar, S. Ananthan, M. P. Paranthaman, J. Keller, R. King, MADE3D: Enabling the next generation of high-torque density wind generators by additive design and 3D printing. Forsch Ingenieurwes 85, 287-311, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10010-021-00465-y
39. Neil R. Taylor, Mihee Ji, Praneeth Kandlakunta, Lei Pan, Ivan Kravchenko, Pooran Joshi, Tolga Aytug, M Parans Paranthaman, Lei R. Cao, Large Area Vertical Ga2O3 Schottky Diodes for X-Ray Detection, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1013, 165664, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165664
40. S. Jolly, M. P. Paranthaman, M. Naguib, Synthesis of Ti3C2Tz MXene from low-cost and environmentally friendly precursors, Materials Today Advances, 10, 100139 (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2021.100139
41. C. A. Bridges, M. L. Martins, C. J. Jafta, X. G. Sun, M. P. Paranthaman, J. Liu, S. Dai, E. Mamontove, Dynamics of Emim(+) in [Emim][TFSI]/LiTFSI Solutions as Bulk and under Confinement in a Quasi-liquid Solid Electrolyte, J. Phys. Chem. B 125 (20) 5443-5450 (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02383
42. Abhishek Sarkar, M. Parans Paranthaman, and Ikenna C. Nlebedim, “In-situ magnetic alignment model for additive manufacturing of anisotropic bonded magnets,” Additive Manufacturing 46, 102096, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102096
43. K Mungale, T. N. Lamichhane, B. C. Sales, M. P. Paranthaman, and U. K. Vaidya, Compression molding of anisotropic NdFeB bonded magnets in a polycarbonate matrix, Materialia 19, 101167, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2021.101167
29. Kinjal Gandha, Ikenna C. Nlebedim, M. Parans Paranthaman, et al., 3D printing of anisotropic Sm-Fe-N bonded permanent magnets, Engineering Reports, e12478, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.12478